Two Trebouxia algae with different physiological performances are ever-present in lichen thalli of Ramalina farinacea. Coexistence versus Competition

Ramalina farinacea is an epiphytic fruticose lichen that is relatively abundant in areas with Mediterranean, subtropical or temperate climates. Little is known about photobiont diversity in different lichen populations. The present study examines the phycobiont composition of several geographically distant populations of R. farinacea from the Iberian Peninsula, Canary Islands and California as well as the physiological performance of isolated phycobionts. Based on anatomical observations and molecular analyses, the coexistence of two different taxa of Trebouxia (working names, TR1 and TR9) was determined within each thallus of R. farinacea in all of the analysed populations. Examination of the effects of temperature and light on growth and photosynthesis indicated a superior performance of TR9 under relatively high temperatures and irradiances while TR1 thrived at moderate temperature and irradiance. Ramalina farinacea thalli apparently represent a specific and selective form of symbiotic association involving the same two Trebouxia phycobionts. Strict preservation of this pattern of algal coexistence is likely favoured by the different and probably complementary ecophysiological responses of each phycobiont, thus facilitating the proliferation of this lichen in a wide range of habitats and geographic areas. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2006-12917-C02-01/02), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2009-13429-C02-01/02), the AECID (PCI_A/024755/09) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO 174/2008 GVA). We are grateful to Dr J. Gimeno-Romeu (University of California, Davis, USA) and to Dr P. J. G. de Nova (IREC, Ciudad Real, Spain), who were the first to isolate DNA from Ramalina farinacea thalli in our group. 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Early establishment response of different Pinus nigra ssp. salzmanii seed sources on contrasting environments: Implications for future reforestation programs and assisted population migration

[EN] Forest restoration constitutes an important issue within adaptive environmental management for climate change at global scale. However, effective implementation of these programs can only be achieved by revising current seed transfer guidelines, as they lack inherent spatial and temporal dynamics associated with climate change. In this sense, provenance trials may provide key information on the relative performance of different populations and/or genotypes under changing ecological conditions. This study addresses a methodological approach to evaluate early plantation performance and the consequent phenotypic plasticity and the pattern of the adaptation of different seed sources in contrasting environments. To this end, six seed sources of Salzmann pine were tested at three contrasting trial sites testing a hypothetical assisted population migration. Adaptation at each site was assessed through Joint Regression and Additive Main effect and Multiplication Interaction (AMMI) models. Most of the observed variation was attributed to the environment (above 90% for all traits), even so genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GxE) were significant. Seedlings out-planted under better site conditions did not differ in survival but in height growth. However, on sites with higher constraints, survival differed among seed sources and diameter growth was high. The adaptation analyses (AMMI) indicated that the cold-continental seed source Soria performed as a generalist seed source, whereas Cordilleras Beticas , the southernmost seed source, was more adapted to harsh environments (frost and drought) in terms of survival. The results supported partially the hypothesis that assisted migration of seed sources makes sense within limited transfer distances, and this was reinforced by the GxE results. The present study could be valuable to address adaptive transfer of seedings in ecological restoration and to determine the suitable seed sources for reforestation programs and assisted population migration under climatic changes. The reported results are based on 3 years' data and need to be considered in this context.This study is a part of the research project: "Application of molecular biology techniques in forest restoration in Mediterranean environments, PAID-05-11" funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), program for supporting R&D of new multidisciplinary research lines. The authors are grateful to MeteoCat and Emilio Olid (Meteoclimatic) for the meteorological data and to Jaime Flors and Tragsa for field work and to Dr. Paulo Canas Rodrigues from the Research Center for Mathematics and Applications, Nova University of Lisbon, Portugal, for the deliverance and the guidance of some R codes. The authors also thank the anonymous referees for reviewing the manuscript.Taïbi, K.; Campo García, ADD.; Aguado, A.; Mulet Salort, JM. (2016). Early establishment response of different Pinus nigra ssp. salzmanii seed sources on contrasting environments: Implications for future reforestation programs and assisted population migration. Journal of Environmental Management. 171:184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.014S18419417

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de la diáfisis humeral

Se analizan las indicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de la diáfisis humeral y las ventajas e inconvenientes de las diferentes técnicas de osteosíntesis. Después de objetivar la gravedad de las fracturas con la clasificación de Nicoll, se practica un estudio comparativo de los resultados obtenidos, entre una serie de 79 casos tratados con la técnica de Hackethal y otra serie de 25 casos tratados mediante osteosíntesis con placa atornillada, relacionando el tiempo medio de consolidación con el tipo de trazo de fractura, localización del trazo y presencia de conminución en el foco de fractura. Se estudia asimismo la relación entre el tiempo medio de consolidación y el grado de Nicoll al que pertenecen las fracturas tratadas con el sistema de Hackethal.Indications of operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures and advantages and disadventages of the several types of internal fixation devices wer e analyzed. Nicoll's classification was used of 79 cases treated with Hackethal technique and one of 25 cases treated with plating techniques was made, relating the mean consolidation time with the kind of fracture pattern, the level of the fracture, and the presence of conminution. Relation-ship between mean consolidation time and the grade in Nicoll's classification in the series treated with Hackethal techniques was analyzed

Testing Aleppo pine seed sources response to climate change by using trial sites reflecting future conditions

Large-scale biogeographical shifts in forest tree distributions are predicted in response to the altered precipitation and temperature regimes associated with climate change. Adaptive forest management to climate change experienced in either stable or rapidly changing environments must consider this fact when carrying out reforestation programs or specifically assisted population migration for conservation purposes. The aim of this study was to compare field performance of eleven seed sources of Aleppo pine outplanted in core and marginal habitats and to assess their phenotypic plasticity for further screening under specific conditions in particular reforestation areas. We hypothesize that current marginal habitat due to low temperature is shifting toward conditions found on the core habitat and that current core habitat will shift toward warmer and drier marginal habitat. Our study reproduced real conditions of reforestation in potential future climatic conditions. Results suggest that it is difficult to predict Aleppo pine provenances' performance in different natural sites from their performance at a single location, even though 'Levante interior' and 'La Mancha' seed sources showed the best overall response among sites. On a site basis, provenances were matched in groups according to their survival and growth responses. Seedlings grown from local seed sources or seed orchards performed better on the core habitat. However, as conditions shifted to marginal habitats, seedlings from climatically similar regions performed better than local sources at least in the short term; our findings suggest that new plantations in areas already affected by global change could be better adapted if they use alternative seed sources.This study is a part of two research projects: "Application of molecular biology techniques in forest restoration in Mediterranean environments, PAID-05-11" funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), program for supporting R&D of new multidisciplinary research lines; and the contract subscribed between the UPV and the Ministry of Environment, Rural and Marine affairs (Centro Nacional de Recursos Geneticos Forestales de Alaquas) through its public partnership TRAGSA titled: "Study of seedling quality and field performance of 12 seed sources of Pinus halepensis Mill." The authors are grateful to Amparo Pedros-Mari for field work in La Hunde, to the Valencia Regional Government (CMAAUV, Generalitat Valenciana) and VAERSA staff for their support in allowing the use of the experimental forest of La Hunde. We thank Dr. Kasten Dumroese from USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station for his critical and valuable comments on the draft manuscript. Also, we thank the anonymous referees for their comments, which significantly improved the final manuscript.Taïbi, K.; Campo García, ADD.; Mulet Salort, JM.; Flors, J.; Aguado, A. (2014). Testing Aleppo pine seed sources response to climate change by using trial sites reflecting future conditions. New Forests. 45(5):603-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9423-yS603624455Agúndez ID, Degen B, von Wuehlisch G, Alia R (1997) Genetic variation of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis mill.). 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El arte de hablar : Cómo prevenir los problemas de voz: una experiencia de curso virtual para la formación del profesorado

Las Nuevas Tecnologías están abriendo un horizonte de posibilidades. Su amplitud y potencialidad han conseguido modificar sustancialmente la sociedad, la educación y por supuesto la formación del profesorado. El recurso de la formación a distancia como medio para la superación personal está en constante incremento. Personas de diversa edad y formación, a menudo lejanos de los centros de enseñanza convencional y/o con otras dificultades para el acceso a estos centros se valen de este método para satisfacer sus necesidades personales de complementar su formación y a menudo las empresas y entes públicos son los primeros interesados en recurrir a la formación a distancia. Un ejemplo de ello es el curso que nosotros, el Grupo de Innovación e Investigación Educativa Isla de Mouro, hemos elaborado para el Centro Nacional de Innovación y Comunicación Educativa (CNICE) bajo el título “El Arte de Hablar. Prevenir los Problemas de Voz”. Se trata de un curso virtual diseñado para el aprendizaje a distancia, dirigido al profesorado de cualquier área educativa, cuyo objetivo es conocer cómo es y cómo funciona la comunicación, para poder optimizar la forma de hablar y adaptarla a nuestra forma de ser. Hoy en día podemos concebir las Nuevas Tecnologías como un recurso y a su vez, una estrategia para conseguir un aprendizaje diferente, más rápido y eficaz. Algunas reflexiones al respecto junto con la presentación de la experiencia del curso virtual “El Arte de Hablar: Prevenir los Problemas de Voz” son los aspectos que se exponen en la presente comunicación.Eje: E-learning: Educación a distanciaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Light-induced capacitance tunability in ferroelectric crystals

The remote controlling of ferroic properties with light is nowadays a hot and highly appealing topic in materials science. Here, we shed light on some of the unresolved issues surrounding light–matter coupling in ferroelectrics. Our findings show that the capacitance and, consequently, its related intrinsic material property, i.e., the dielectric constant, can be reversibly adjusted through the light power control. High photodielectric performance is exhibited across a wide range of the visible light wavelength because of the wavelength-independence of the phenomenon. We have verified that this counterintuitive behavior can be strongly ascribed to the existence of “locally free charges” at domain wall.Postprint (author's final draft

Canopy fruit location can affect olive oil quality in Arbequina hedgerow orchards

The effect of location of fruit in canopies of hedgerow olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. ‘Arbequina’) on quality of virgin oil was tested by analyzing oils extracted from different height layers and faces of 9 olive hedgerows (6 North-South oriented and 3 East-West). Although sensory attributes were not different other oil quality parameters may be significantly modified by fruit position. In some hedgerows, oils extracted from fruits harvested from higher layers exhibited significantly higher stability against oxidation, along with higher palmitic acid, linoleic acid and phenol contents, but lower oleic acid content. Oils extracted from fruits harvested from East and North facing hedgerows oriented North-South and East-West, respectively, exhibited higher oleic contents and lower saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. The mean phenol content of oils extracted from fruits from a North-South oriented hedgerow was significantly greater from one of the East-West oriented hedgerows. These findings may be relevant for the design of future olive hedgerows destined for olive oil production

Seguimiento continuado de un caso real de hundimiento de los bloques de hormigón de un dique sumergido

Para el diseño de obras marítimas construidas sobre fondos arenosos, suele hacerse una estimación del hundimiento de la misma para colocar un exceso de material que compense dicho efecto y permita mantener el francobordo de diseño. La gran repercusión económica de este fenómeno ha justificado el que se haya estudiado en ensayos de laboratorio la influencia de los procesos de socavación y/o licuefacción en el hundimiento de bloques o escolleras. Para un listado actualizado de los numerosos investigadores implicados y de sus respectivas publicaciones,puede acudirse a Sumer (2014). Sin embargo, debe destacarse que hay muy pocos datos sobre el hundimiento de bloques o escolleras en casos reales (una tabla recopilatoria puede consultarse en Muñoz-Perez et al., 2015). Más aún, que los autores conozcan, no se habían publicado hasta el momento datos continuados en el tiempo del descenso de bloques. El objetivode esta ponencia es la presentación de una metodología que permite el seguimiento continuado del hundimiento de bloques así como de los resultados obtenidos en el caso real de un dique sumergido

Light-induced strain and its correlation with the optical absorption at charged domain walls in polycrystalline ferroelectrics

Photostrictive materials have a growing interest because of their great potential as light-driven actuators, among other optomechanical applications. In this context, the optical control of macroscopic strain in ferroelectrics has recently attracted remarkable attention as an effective alternative to the conventional electric control of strain. Here, a clear correlation between optical absorption and light-induced strain in polycrystalline BaTiO3 is shown. Specifically, the grain size and the sample thickness dependence of optical absorption when the material is irradiated with energy photons lower than the band gap evidence that light absorption at charged domain walls is the core of the observed photo-response in ferroelectrics. The photoinduced electronic reconstruction phenomenon is proposed as the primary physical mechanism for light absorption at charged domain walls. Results open a new pathway to designing ferroelectric-based devices with new functionalities like thickness gradient-based photo-controlled nanoactuators